Suchergebnisse

"This book examines the role of Russian and Serbian nationalism in different modes of dissolution of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia in 1991. Why did Russia's elites agree to the dissolution of the Soviet Union along the borders of Soviet republics, leaving twenty-five million Russians outside of Russia? Conversely, why did Serbia's elite succeed in mobilizing Serbs in Croatia and Bosnia for the nationalist cause? Combining a Weberian emphasis on interpretive understanding and counterfactual analysis with theories of nationalism, Veljko Vujačić highlights the role of historical legacies, national myths, collective memories, and literary narratives in shaping diametrically opposed attitudes toward the state in Russia and Serbia. The emphasis on the unintended consequences of communist nationality policy highlights how these attitudes interacted with institutional factors, favoring different outcomes in 1991. The book's postscript examines how this explanation holds up in the light of Russia's annexation of Crimea"--

U ovom članku se razmatra doprinos Viktora Zaslavskog proučavanju društava sovjetskog tipa. Istovremeno, njegov doprinos se postavlja u intelektualni kontekst sovjetologije 1970-ih. Tvrdimo da je intimno poznavanje sovjetskog sistema autoru omogućilo da prevaziđe ograničenja totalitarnih, modernizacijskih i interesno-grupnih pristupa proučavanju sovjetske politike. Srž originalnog doprinosa Zaslavskog je u razvoju niza novih pojmova koje je primenio na proučavanje Brežnjevljevog "realnog socijalizma": neostaljinistička država, organizovani konsenzus, radnici zavisni od države, zatvorena preduzeća, unutrašnji pasoški sistem. Uz pomoć ovih pojmova Zaslavski je mogao da osvetli razne karakteristike zrelog sovjetskog društva uspešnije od zastupnika drugih pristupa. ; The author assesses the contribution of Victor Zaslavsky to the study of soviettype societies. Zaslavsky's contribution is also positioned in the intelectual context of sovietology in the 1970's. The author claims that Zaslavsky's intimate knowledge of the Soviet system had enabled him to go beyond the limitations of the totalitarian, modernisation and interest-group based approaches to the study of Soviet politics. The crux of Zaslavsky's original contribution is his development of new concepts which he applied to the study of Brezhnyev's "real socialism", such as neostalinist state, state dependent workers, closed enterprises, internal passport system. With the help of these concepts Zaslavsky was more successful in throwing light on the characteristcs of the mature soviet type societies than the proponents of other approaches.

This article explores the ideological and institutional causes of the emergence of political coalitions between orthodox communists and extreme nationalists in the late communist and post-communist periods. The causes of the emergence of new forms of national socialist ideologies, parties, movements, and regimes are sought in the historically rooted ideological affinities between socialist and nationalist ideologies and the perceived necessity for communist cadres of defining a substitute "combat task," co-opting the nationalist intelligentsia, and attracting desperately needed popular support. Such attempts at "national-socialist" mobilization in the late communist and post-communist context face serious social-structural, institutional, and ideological constraints. Consequently, it is inappropriate to subsume these parties, movements, and regimes under familiar concepts such as fascism, totalitarianism, integral nationalism, populism, or sultanism. Instead, they should be seen as distinct subspecies of late communist and post-communist authoritarianism.